Linux

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq		# CPU core count
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"|uniq| wc -l	# Number of physical CPU's
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l		# Number of logical CPU's

RAM

$ free -h
$ free -m	# Display the amount of memory in mebibytes.
$ free -mega	# Display the amount of memory in megabytes.

Physical chip information

$ sudo dmidecode -t 17
$ sudo dmidecode -t memory	# Give a little bit more information.